I-CRUX Linux Yenye yezo zixhobo zasimahla zesoftware ethi, nangona ingaziwa ngokubanzi njengolunye unikezelo, ishiye uphawu olunzulu kwihlabathi labasebenzisi abaphambili kunye nabaphuhlisi benkqubo yeLinux.. Olu nikezelo, lujolise ngakumbi kwabo bafuna ulawulo oluphezulu kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso, kubandakanya umoya wokulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle njengabanye abambalwa. Nangona kungabikho umkhankaso omkhulu wokukhangisa okanye uluntu oluphuphumayo lwabasebenzisi, abo bayinxalenye yendalo yonke ye-CRUX bavame ukuba nomdla kwaye bazinikele kakhulu, okwenza le nkqubo ibe yinto efanelekileyo kulabo bafuna ukuthatha iLinux kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Ukuba ukhe wafuna ukwazi malunga nokuthatha ukuzijula ku uyilo oluncinci, okanye ujonge inkqubo yokusebenza enikezela kanye oko kufunekayo ukwakha imeko-bume yakho ukusuka ekuqaleni, iCRUX inika elo thuba. Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi: ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo, ukuya kubunzima bofakelo, indlela esebenza ngayo, kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo. Siza kukuhamba ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga zenkqubo yephakheji kwaye kutheni ibe nefuthe kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neArch Linux.
Yintoni iCRUX Linux?
I-CRUX Linux yi-minimalist ye-GNU/Linux yosasazo, Idalwe ngenjongo yokubonelela ngobume obukhaphukhaphu, obucocekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwe-x86-64 yezakhiwo. Ukuzalwa kwayo kubuyela kwi-2001, ezandleni zikaPer Lidén, owafuna ukusebenzisa umgaqo we-KISS (Gcina ilula, iSiphukuphuku) kunikezelo oluya kuphelisa yonke into engafanelekanga, ukuthanda ulawulo olupheleleyo ngumsebenzisi kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso inkqubo ukusuka kwisiseko.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela, i-CRUX Ayisekelwanga kulo naluphi na olunye unikezelo lwangaphambili, eyinika ubunikazi bayo kunye nengqiqo yangaphakathi. Ukwamkelwa kwayo kwezikripthi zokuqalisa zesimbo se-BSD, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yepakethe esekwe kwi-tar.gz, kunye nokungabikho kwee-wizard zofakelo lwegraphical ziyayahlula kakhulu kwiminikelo eqhelekileyo. Yonke into ekwiCRUX yenzelwe abasebenzisi abanamava abayaziyo kwaye bayonwabele ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kweLinux.
Ifilosofi ye-CRUX kunye neNdlela yokuSebenza
Ubulula obuthatyathwe ngokugqithisileyo luphawu lweCRUX. Inkqubo ikhupha yonke into engeyomfuneko, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ukufakela okusisiseko kubandakanya kuphela izixhobo eziyimfuneko. Awuyi kufumana isifakeli segraphical okanye izisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo, kodwa endaweni yoko iqonga lokuchaza yonke imiba yenkqubo.
Umsebenzisi we-CRUX uyazifundisa kwaye uyasebenza. Nangona amaxwebhu ayo asemthethweni enqongophele ngokuphawulekayo, ikhuthaza ukulinga, ukufunda komntu ngamnye, kunye noluntu olusebenzisanayo. Le filosofi iyenza ibe yindawo efanelekileyo kubaphuhlisi kunye nabanomdla abafuna inkqubo ekhawulezayo, ecocekileyo, neguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kweephakheji ezingenamsebenzi okanye iinkonzo zangasemva.
Amacandelo obugcisa kunye neempawu eziphambili
- I-Architecture: I-CRUX yenzelwe iinkqubo ze-x86-64. Nangona kukho amazibuko okanye iinguqulelo zezinye izakhiwo ezifana ne-PowerPC kunye ne-Sparc, eyona iphambili ye-64-bit systems.
- Umxholo: Isebenzisa i-monolithic Linux kernel, inika zonke iimpawu zamva nje kunye nohlaziyo lwale kernel.
- Imodeli yophuhliso: Yiprojekthi esimahla nevulelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, phantsi kwelayisensi yeGPL.
- Inkqubo yokuqalisa: Isebenzisa izikripthi zegobolondo zesimbo se-BSD ukulawula iinkonzo, ukunqanda ezinye iindlela ezinzima ezifana ne-systemd, eququzelela ulawulo oluthe ngqo noluselubala kumsebenzisi.
- Inkqubo yokupakisha: Isekwe kwiifayile ze.tar.gz. Iiphakheji zincinci kwaye zikhatshwa ziifayile ezibalulekileyo zokuqulunqa kunye nokufakwa.
Enye yezona zinto zintsha ze-CRUX yinkqubo ye "Ports"., ephefumlelwe ngokuthe ngqo yi-FreeBSD, apho i-port nganye imele isicelo okanye isixhobo esinokwenziwa ngumsebenzisi ngokwezifiso.
Inkqubo yamazibuko eCRUX
Iizibuko zingundoqo wolawulo lwesoftware kwiCRUX. Izibuko liqulathe uvimba weefayili eziqulathe iifayile eziphambili zokuqulunqa isicelo: i Pkgfile (iscript esinemigaqo yoqulunqo), ifayile yoshicilelo lweenyawo (kunye noluhlu olulindelekileyo lweefayile emva kokuhlanganiswa novavanyo lobuyiselo), kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iipetshi okanye ezinye izinto ezixhasayo.
Ikhowudi yemvelaphi yeenkqubo ayihlali ngokwasemzimbeni kwizibuko, kodwa iPkgfile ngokwayo iqulathe i-URL ukusuka apho ukukhuphela ikhowudi yoqobo. Le filosofi ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahlale eqokelela iinguqulelo zamva nje kwaye alungelelanise iiparamitha zokuhlanganisa ngokweemfuno zabo. Inkqubo yezibuko yenza kube lula ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuhlaziya usetyenziso olufakiweyo, ivumela isixhobo ngasinye ukuba sibe sodwa ngokwenene.
Abaphathi bepakethi: pkgutils kunye ne-prt-fumana
I-CRUX isebenzisa i-pkgutils njengesixhobo esisembindini sokufakela, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokususa iipakethe. Kodwa kwakhona, prt-fumana yongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokusebenza, osebenza njengojongano oluphambili lokusebenzisana nomthi wamazibuko wendawo.
- Faka kwaye uhlaziye iipakethe ngokulula kwaye kwimiyalelo enye.
- Uluhlu kunye nophendlo lokuxhomekeka, zombini ezifakiweyo kwaye zilindile.
- Jonga ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nesibuko ngasinye phambi kokuba uqhubeke nofakelo lwalo.
- Ulawulo oluphezulu lwembali kunye notshintsho lwelog yezicelo ezihlanganisiweyo.
Inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba Ulawulo lokuxhomekeka alukhethi kwaye alusoloko luzenzekela kwi-CRUX; Nangona i-prt-fumana ivumela ukuxhomekeka kuluhlu, ukufakela kwabo luxanduva lomsebenzisi. Esi sigqibo siphinda sibhenele kulawulo kunye nokungafihli nto okuchaza ifilosofi yeCRUX.
Umahluko nolunye unikezelo lweLinux
Amanqaku ahlukileyo e-CRUX xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinketho kwindalo yeLinux angashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
| Isici | I-CRUX | Olunye Ulwabiwo |
|---|---|---|
| Gxi ninisa | Ubuncinci, obujolise kuphuhliso | Iyaguquguquka, uninzi lujolise kubasebenzisi ngokubanzi |
| Inkqubo yephakheji | Amazibuko (ukuhlanganiswa kumthombo) | Abaphathi ababini abanje nge-APT, YUM, Pacman… |
| Qalisa inkqubo | Izikripthi zeShell | systemd, SysVinit, Upstart, njl. |
| Uxwebhu | Akuncinci | Lubanzi kwaye luneenkcukacha |
Isiphumo yinkqubo ebhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye ikhawulezayo, kodwa enye ifuna ulwazi oluphambili lokulawula, ukufaka, kunye nokugcina. I-CRUX ayisiyiyo ukuhanjiswa kwabaqalayo, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo: ijolise kwabo bafuna ukujongana nenkqubo, bayiqonde kakuhle, kwaye bangenelele kuyilo lwayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu.
Inkqubo yokuFakelo: Inyathelo ngeNyathelo
Inkqubo yokufaka i-CRUX ngumzekelo ocacileyo wefilosofi ye-KISS ... okanye ngokuchaseneyo ndingatsho. Ulibale umfakeli womzobo kunye neewizard zenyathelo ngalinye: Apha yonke into yenziwa kwi-console kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo ngumsebenzisi.
- Khuphela umfanekiso weCRUX kusuka kwi indawo esemthethweni. Uneenguqulelo zangoku kunye nezangaphambili, kunye nezibuko ezisasazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba (eJamani, eFransi, eItali, eUnited Kingdom, e-USA, njl.).
- Yenza imidiya yokufakela kwi-USB okanye kwi-CD kwaye uqalise inkqubo ukusuka kuyo.
- Indawo yokuqalisa iya kuvela. Ukusuka apha, kuya kufuneka ulawule izahlulelo zakho zehard drive. Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nefdisk okanye icfdisk ukuchaza ubume benkqubo yakho.
- Yenza iinkqubo zefayile kwaye inyuse izahlulo eziyimfuneko, kunye nemidiya yokuhlohla.
- Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukuqulunqa eyakho ikernel. I-CRUX ayifaki esele iqwalaselwe; kuya kufuneka uzenzele ngokwehardware yakho.
- Faka kwaye uqwalasele umlayishi wesiqalo oxhaswayo (ofana neGRUB okanye LILO).
- Gqibezela ukufakela, seta iipassword zakho eziphambili, kwaye uqalise kwakhona ukuqalisa kwinkqubo yakho entsha yeCRUX.
Ngexesha lofakelo, unokukhetha iipakethi ezisisiseko eziza kwenza indawo yakho.Kulapho umahluko phakathi kwe-novice kunye nabasebenzisi abaphambili benziwa, njengoko unokukhetha indawo esisiseko okanye ukhethe kuphela oko kuyimfuneko kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Iindaba zeCRUX kunye noHlaziyo
I-CRUX lunikezelo olusebenzayo, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo. Inguqulelo yamva nje ezinzileyo (ukusukela ngo-2025) yi-3.8, ekhutshwe ngo-Epreli walo nyaka, ebonisa ukuba kusekho iqela elizinikeleyo labaphuhlisi kunye nabasebenzisi.
Iinguqulelo zangaphambili, ukusuka kwi-1.0 ekhutshwe ngoDisemba 2002 ukuya kwi-3.7 ekhutshwe ngoSeptemba 2022, ibonisa indaleko eqhubekayo kunye nokuzinikela okuqinileyo ekuphuculeni kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo kwiiteknoloji ezintsha.
Uluntu lunika ingxelo ngophuhliso olutsha kunye notshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiwebhusayithi yalo esemthethweni, iiforamu, kunye namajelo e-IRC. Kutshanje, umzekelo, umphathi wesixhobo uye wafuduswa ukusuka kwi-devf ukuya kwi-udev, ngokuhambelana nokuqhubela phambili kweLinux kernel.
I-CRUX kunye nefuthe layo kwezinye izabelo
Umdla obalulekileyo kukuba iCRUX yayiyinkuthazo yokuqala yeArch Linux, enye yezona zinto zidumileyo zokukhupha i-distros namhlanje. U-Arch uboleke imigaqo yokulula, ukungafihli, kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo, nangona luluntu olukhulu kunye namaxwebhu abanzi.
Inkqubo yezibuko ye-CRUX, kunye nendlela yayo yokulungelelanisa ukuqulunqwa kwephakheji kunye nokulawula, iphinde ibe nefuthe kwi-derivative kunye nokuhanjiswa okuzimeleyo. Le mpembelelo ayibonakali kuphela kwimiba yobugcisa, kodwa nakwinkcubeko yokuzenzela ebonisa amasebe athile e-Linux ecosystem.
Iintlelo ezizezinye kunye nemidiya
Nangona inguqu ephambili ye-CRUX ijoliswe kwi-x86-64, kukho iiprojekthi ezifana ne-CRUX PPC (PowerPC) kunye neenguqulelo ze-Sparc, kunye ne-LiveCD edition ebizwa ngokuba yi-lCRUX. Ezi zikhetho zigcinwa ngabaphuhlisi abazinikeleyo kunye namaqela adibanisa kunye abasebenzisi behardware engaqhelekanga. Kwimeko yePowerPC, kukho nenkxaso yee-CPU ezithile kunye neempawu eziluncedo kwiilaptops, ezinje ngeCPU frequency scaling.
I-CRUX kuluntu: abasebenzisi kunye nenkxaso
Uluntu lweCRUX luncinci kodwa luzibophelele kwaye luyasebenza. Kukho iiforamu ezisemthethweni, iziteshi ze-IRC (okwangoku kwiLibera.Chat), kunye namaphepha emithombo yeSpanish kunye nezinye iilwimi. Nangona amaxwebhu angekho banzi okanye aneenkcukacha njengezinye iinkqubo, oku kukhuthaza iingxoxo phakathi kwabasebenzisi kunye nokukhangela izisombululo zentsebenziswano.
Ukongezelela, kukho amaphepha agcinwe ngokuzimeleyo aqulunqa izifundo, iincwadi zamahhala, kunye nezikhokelo zokubhekisela kuzo zombini ukufakwa kunye nokulawulwa kwansuku zonke kwe-CRUX.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nobunzima obunokwenzeka
I-CRUX ivelele ngokunikela ulawulo oluphezulu, ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokusebenza. Ngokususa onke amacandelo angeyomfuneko kwinkqubo yesiseko kunye nokuvumela ukuqulunqwa okuthe ngqo kwephakheji nganye, umsebenzisi unokudala indawo elungiselelwe ngokwezifiso ezilungiselelwe i-hardware ethile.
Nangona kunjalo, Oku kukwabandakanya igophe lokufunda elikhulu, ngakumbi ngexesha lamanyathelo okuqala ofakelo kunye noqwalaselo. Inyaniso yokuba ulawulo lokuxhomekeka luhlala lusenziwa ngesandla, kwaye uxwebhu lunqongophele, lufuna ulwazi oluphambili kunye nesimo sengqondo esisebenzayo.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, abasebenzisi abaninzi bafumana ulwaneliseko olukhethekileyo kwi-CRUX ekwakheni inkqubo yabo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phezulu, besazi yonke i-nook kunye ne-cranny kunye neenkcukacha, kunye nokuphepha nantoni na engafanelekanga.
I-CRUX iziseka njengokhetho lokuya kwabo bafuna ukufunda, umfuniselo, kunye ne-Linux master ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Impembelelo yayo kuphuhliso lolunye unikezelo, ifilosofi yayo encinci, kunye nenkxaso yoluntu olubandakanyekayo igcina enye yezona zinto zinomdla, kodwa zifuna, iinkqubo kwindalo yonke ye-GNU/Linux. Ukuba uchonga indlela ye-DIY kwaye ufuna ukufunda i-ins kunye nokuphuma kweLinux, ngokuqinisekileyo le yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo onokuthi uzame.
