Ihlabathi lokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye noqwalaselo kwindawo yeLinux ibisoloko iyenye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kubantu abanomdla kunye nabasebenzisi abajonge ukwenza amava abo ngokuzeleyo. Esinye seziqwenga ezinkulu kweli hlabathi yiGDM (GNOME Display Manager), eyaziwa ngokuba ngumphathi wesikrini okanye Ngema kwiinkqubo ezine-GNOME. Ayililo nje isango kwidesktop yakho, kodwa ikwayindawo yokuvavanya ukuyila kunye nokusebenza. Kwaye ngoSeto lwe-GDM sinokwenza zonke iintlobo zotshintsho.
Namhlanje Yenza ngokwezifiso indawo yokungena kwi-GNOME Ifikeleleka ngakumbi ngenxa yezixhobo ezinje ngoSeto lwe-GDM, izinto eziluncedo ezisemthethweni kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokuhlela iifayile zoqwalaselo kunye nokusebenzisa izikripthi. Nangona inkqubo inokubonakala igcinelwe abasebenzisi abaphambili, ubutyebi bezixhobo, izifundo, kunye nezixhobo zegraphical zenze ukuba zifikeleleke kuye nabani na ozimisele ukutyala imizuzu embalwa ekufundeni.
Yintoni i-GDM kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kakhulu kwiLinux yakho?
I-GDM, eyaziwa ngokuba nguMphathi we-GNOME wokuBonisa, Lujongano lomzobo olulawula iiseva ze-X okanye ze-Wayland kunye nenkqubo yokungena kwiinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-GNOME. Ikuvumela ukuba ungene ngokubonakalayo, ulawule abasebenzisi, iiphasiwedi, kunye neeseshoni zabasebenzisi ngendlela eguquguqukayo nekhuselekileyo. Le nkqubo ayigcini nje ukongeza umaleko wokulungelelaniswa, kodwa iphinda iququzelele ukudityaniswa nezinye iiteknoloji zenkqubo (ezifana nolawulo lomsebenzisi, ulawulo lweseshoni, kunye nokudibanisa nezinye iidaemon).
I-GDM yenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lobugcisa, oku kuthetha ukuba unokuguqula ukubonakala kwayo, ukongeza izikripthi ngamaxesha abalulekileyo (ukuqalisa, ukungena emva kokungena, njl.), ukuseta iiseshoni ezizenzekelayo, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ubumbeko lwayo lufanelekile ngokukodwa kwiidesktops ezifana ne-Ubuntu, i-Fedora, i-Debian kunye ne-Arch Linux, uphi umphathi womboniso ongagqibekanga.
Izixhobo zomzobo zokumisela ukungena kwe-GNOME
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwavela Usetyenziso lwemizobo elwenza kube lula ukwenza ngokwezifiso isikrini sokuqala se-GNOME. Enye yezona zidumileyo kwaye zibanzi yi-GDM Settings, isixhobo esenza kube lula ukuguqula inkitha yeeparamitha ngokubonakalayo nangokukhuselekileyo, ngaphandle kokuhlela ngesandla iifayile zenkqubo.
Yintoni onokuthi uyilungise ngoSeto lwe-GDM?
- Iphepha lodonga okanye umbala ongasemva wokungena (usenokungasebenzi kwezinye iimeko, yiyo loo nto siza kubhala inqaku elizinikeleyo kungekudala).
- Umxholo obonakalayo, ii-iyikhoni, kunye nekhesa esetyenziswa kwisikrini sasekhaya.
- Uhlobo lwefonti, ubungakanani befonti, kunye nesixhobo sokukala ukuphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nenkangeleko.
- Imibala kunye nesitayile sebha ephezulu, evumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo.
- Iinketho zeMouse kunye nephedi yokuchukumisa (vula / khubaza, useto oluphambili).
- Bonisa/fihla uluhlu lwabasebenzisi, ilogo, kunye nolunye ukhetho lofikelelo.
- Guqula okanye uvule imo yokukhanya kwasebusuku.
- Lungisa amandla okuziphatha, isandi, kunye nezinye iimpawu eziphambili.
Konke oku ngokucofa nje, kunye nokhuseleko lokukwazi ukulungisa ngokulula utshintsho kwimeko yeengxaki. Ukongeza, isicelo sigcina ubuhle bale mihla enkosi kuphuhliso lwayo kwiPython kunye nokusetyenziswa kwethala leencwadi le-libadwaita., iyenza ihambelane ngokubonakalayo needesktops zangoku ze-GNOME.
Iinketho zoFakelo lwe-GDM
Ufakelo lweSeto lwe-GDM luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunikezelo lwe-GNU/Linux kunye nenguqulelo ye-GNOME. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusifaka isixhobo kwaye nganye inama-nuances ayo:
Iiphakheji zeFlatpak kunye ne-AppImage
Flatpak Lukhetho oludumileyo njengoko lubonelela ngofakelo jikelele kunye nokuphucula okulula. Ungafumana Useto lwe-GDM kwi-flathub, nangona ingezizo zonke iifitsha ezifumaneka ngeFlatpak sandboxing. Imisebenzi efuna ukufikelela kwiindlela zenkqubo ebalulekileyo isenokungasebenzi kule modi.
Inguqulelo AppImage Ilungele ukudlula izithintelo zebhokisi yesanti kunye nokufumana ufikelelo olugcweleyo kwiifayile zesixokelelwano ezifunekayo ukwenza ubunzulu. Ukuqalisa i-AppImage, uhlala ufuna ukufaka inkxaso kule fomati (ulwazi oluninzi).
Ufakelo lwemveli olusuka kwiindawo zokugcina okanye iPPA
- En Ubuntu 24.04 nangaphezulu, iyafumaneka kwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni, nangona ezi zihlala ziziinguqulelo ezindala ezinokuthi zingaxhasi iimpawu zamva nje zeGNOME yamva nje.
- Ngu IPPA engekho mthethweni, njenge ubuntuhandbook1 sudo add-apt-repository ppa: ubuntuhandbook1/gdm-seto && sudo apt update && sudo apt install gdm-seto-, ungafaka iinguqulelo ezihlaziyiweyo zoSeto lwe-GDM, uqinisekise ukuhambelana neenguqulelo zamva nje zoBuntu kunye ne-GNOME.
- En ukuhanjiswa kokuhanjiswa NjengeArch Linux, inokufakwa ngokulula kwi-AUR nangawuphi na umncedi onjenge-yay okanye i-paru, enozinzo, i-beta, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-git.
- Kukwakho nazo iipakethe zolunye unikezelo njengeAlpine okanye ngokugquma eGentoo.
Ufakelo lwezandla olusuka kwimithombo
Abasebenzisi abakwinqanaba eliphambili banokwenza uvimba wogcino lweprojekthi yeGitHub kwaye bayiqulunqe ngesandla, beqinisekisa ukuba unolwakhiwo kunye nexesha lokuqhuba ukuxhomekeka kufakwe (meson, ninja, libadwaita, GTK4…).
Izilumkiso ezibalulekileyo xa usebenzisa izixhobo zokwenza ngokwezifiso
Nangona ukuguquguquka koSeto lwe-GDM kuphezulu kakhulu, Ukutshintsha useto lomphathi obonisiweyo kunokubangela ukungazinzi kwesiqalo ukuba utshintsho olwenziweyo aluhambelani noguqulelo lwe-GNOME olusetyenzisiweyo okanye ukuba kukho iimpazamo ekudityanisweni kwemixholo yesiko.
"Owu hayi! Kukho into engalunganga" iimpazamo ziye zaxelwa emva kokutshintsha imibala okanye amaphephadonga ukusuka kwiSetingi ze-GDM.. Ke ngoko, isoloko ingumbono olungileyo ukuxhasa inkqubo yakho, qaphela naziphi na iifayile ezilungisiweyo, kwaye ufunde uxwebhu phambi kokufaka utshintsho.
Ubumbeko olukwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye noseto lwezandla lokungena kwi-GNOME
Kwabo bafuna i ulawulo lwegranular ngakumbi okanye ufuna ukunyenyisa imiba engagqunywanga zizixhobo zegraphical, i-GNOME kunye ne-GDM zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka ngokuhlela iifayile zoqwalaselo, kusetyenziswa izikripthi kunye nokulungisa idconf/gsettings database.
Guqula iphepha lodonga kunye nemixholo ngokuhlela izixhobo
Ukulungisa umfanekiso ongasemva wokungena okanye umbala kufuna ukutsalwa, ukuhlela, kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona izixhobo zomxholo.:
- Khupha umxholo wangoku we-GNOME Shell kulawulo phantsi kwegama lakho lomsebenzisi usebenzisa imibhalo ekhethekileyo.
- Khuphela umfanekiso ongasemva ofunwayo kulawulo olwenziweyo.
- hlela ifayile i-gnome-shell-theme.gresource.xml ukubandakanya umfanekiso wakho omtsha (okanye uchaze umbala we-hexadecimal).
- Guqula iifayile zeCSS (i-gnome-shell-light.css y i-gnome-shell-dark.css), ifaka umendo womfanekiso ongasemva kwicandelo #lockDialogGroup.
- Qokelela ifayile yesixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo i-glib-compile-resources kwaye ibuyisela ifayile yoqobo ye.gresource kwi / usr / share / gnome-iqokobhe (uyenza rhoqo ikopi yogcino lweyokuqala).
- Qala kwakhona i-GDM okanye uphume ukuze ubone utshintsho.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba emva kohlaziyo lwesistim olu tshintsho lunokulahleka. kwaye kuya kufuneka uphinde inkqubo.
Izicwangciso nge-dconf kunye ne-gsettings
I-GDM isebenzisa idatabase yayo yedconf ezimeleyo kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Ukulungisa useto olunje ngelogo, ikhesa, ii-iyikhoni, ubungakanani bombhalo okanye iinketho zofikelelo kufuneka:
- Yenza iifayile zoqwalaselo (iifayile ezingundoqo) en /etc/dconf/db/gdm.d/ kunye neeparamitha ezifunwayo.
- Hlaziya isiseko sedatha ngokuqhuba uhlaziyo lwe-dconf njengengcambu.
- Kungenjalo, ngena njengomsebenzisi we-GDM (nge machinectl iqokobhe gdm@ /bin/bash okanye efanayo) kunye nokusetyenziswa dbus-qalisa gsettings iseti ukutshintsha amaxabiso oqwalaselo kubhabho.
Imizekelo yoseto olukhawulezayo nge-dconf/gsettings:
- Logo Custom:logo='/path/to/logo.png'
- Guqula umxholo wekhesa:cursor-theme='theme-name'
- Yabela umxholo we icon:icon-theme='theme-name'
- Ukukala umbhalo:text-scaling-factor='1.25'
- Cima izandi zokungena:izandi-zesiganeko=bubuxoki
- Qwalasela ukuziphatha kweqhosha lamandla:iqhosha-lamandla-isenzo='akukho nto|supend|hibernate'
- Yenza ukucofa-ukucofa kwiphedi yokuchukumisa:cofa-ukucofa=yinyaniso
Ukumisela ulwimi kunye noyilo lwebhodibhodi kwi-GDM
ukuba tshintsha ulwimi lokungena, faka nje iZiko-lolawulo, yivule kwaye, ukusuka kwicandelo le Ingingqi kunye nolwimi, Khetha ukhetho lwe yokungena kwesikrini kwaye uhlengahlengise iiparamitha ngokweemfuno zakho. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo ekungeneni, qiniseka ukuseta umahluko XKBLAYOUT en /etc/vconsole.conf okanye iphumeze localectl -no-convert set-x11-keymap ngemephu yebhodi yezitshixo oyikhethayo.
Ukuzenzekela kunye nokubhalwa kweskripthi kuqwalaselo lwe-GDM
I-GDM iyaxhasa izikripthi zesiko kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yokungena:
- Kuyo: Isebenza xa umncedisi womzobo eqala, phambi kokuba igama lomzobo livele. Ilungele ukuqaliswa kweenkonzo okanye ukucwangcisa imisebenzi ngaphambi kokufikelela komsebenzisi.
- Ngena ngeposi: Isebenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, kodwa ngaphambi kokungena. Iluncedo kakhulu kumalungiselelo kwindawo yomsebenzisi.
- Umboniso: Isebenza emva kokuba iseshoni yomsebenzisi iqalisiwe, ivumela iintshukumo zokugqibela ukuba zenziwe phambi kokuvula idesktop.
- Emva kweSeshini: Isebenza xa umsebenzisi ephuma. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugweme ukusebenzisana nomncedisi we-X kweli nqanaba, njengoko iya kuba sele imisiwe.
Ezi zikripthi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso kwihlabathi jikelele nakwisikrini esithile kunye Bahlala bebaleka ngamalungelo engcambu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwayo ukuze ungavaleli inkqubo yokungena.
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kokungena kunye nolawulo: imizekelo eluncedo
Ukungena ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwegama lokugqitha
Qwalasela ukungena ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuhlela /etc/gdm/custom.conf:
- Ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzisi othile: AutomaticLogin=igama lomsebenzisi
AutomaticLoginEnable=Yinyani - Ukuba ukhetha ukufikelela ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokulibaziseka:
TimedLoginEnable=yinyaniso
TimedLogin=igama lomsebenzisi
TimedLoginDelay=5 - Ungachaza iseshoni emiselweyo kwi /var/lib/AccountsService/users/username, ukucwangcisa umzekelo XSession=gnome-xorg.
Ukungena ngokungenagama lokugqitha, yongeza umsebenzisi wakho kwiqela ngokungena ngemvume kwaye ulungise /etc/pam.d/gdm-password ukubandakanya umgca umbhali ngokwaneleyo pam_succeed_if.so umsebenzisi weqela nopasswdlogin ekuqaleni.
Khubaza okanye wenze uqinisekiso lwebhayometriki ngokusesikweni
Ukuba awufuni ukusebenzisa uqinisekiso lweminwe, ungayikhubaza kwi-GDM ngokusebenza njengomsebenzisi wegdm:
dbus-launch gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen yenza-fingerprint-uqinisekiso bubuxoki
Lawula abasebenzisi ababonakalayo kwaye wenze uluhlu lokungena
Ukufihla abasebenzisi abathile kwisikrini sasekhaya, hlela okanye wenze ifayile /var/lib/AccountsService/users/username kwaye ibandakanya:
SystemAccount=yinyaniso
Inkxaso yokungena okude kunye nokubeka iliso kuqwalaselo
Ufikelelo olukude kwikhusi yokungena ngeRDP ifuna uqwalaselo lwezatifikethi zeTLS, abasebenzisi, kunye nokwenza iinkonzo eziyimfuneko (grdctl, winpr-makecert3njl.). Ukungena okude ngoku kuvumela kuphela iiseshoni ezingenantloko kwaye kunokufuna ungenelelo olongezelelweyo lwe-TLS kunye neziqinisekiso.
Ngokuphathelele ukuseta imonitha, I-GDM isebenzisa eyeyayo ifayile monitors.xml en /var/lib/gdm/.config/monitors.xml. Ukuba ufuna ukuphinda useto lomsebenzisi wakho, khuphela ifayile yakho kuloo ndlela kwaye/okanye wenze i bhala ngaphezulu kwi-gdm.service ngescript esihlaziya kuyo yonke isiqalo.
Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo
- Iingxaki nge-Wayland kunye nabaqhubi be-NVIDIA: I-GDM isenokungaqali ngokuchanekileyo kwi-Wayland ukuba usebenzisa abaqhubi be-NVIDIA yobunini. Unganyanzela usebenziso lwe Xorg ngokuhlomla ngaphandle kwe WaylandEnable=umgca wobuxoki phakathi /etc/gdm/custom.conf. Kwiimeko ezihambele phambili, unokwenza i-null symlink yokugqithisa imithetho ye-udev evimba i-Wayland nge-NVIDIA.
- Iimpazamo zesikrini esimnyama emva kotshintsho okanye ukudibanisa / ukukhupha ii-GPU zangaphandle: Ngamanye amaxesha uqwalaselo lweWayland lubhalwa ngaphezulu ngezikripthi ezifana /usr/lib/gdm-disable-wayland. Ukuba i-GDM iyeka ngokukhawuleza ukuqala kwi-Wayland, cima /run/gdm/custom.conf kwaye uqalise kwakhona inkonzo.
- I-GDM ayinakwenziwa ukuba isebenze nge-systemd: Nceda ubhekisele kwi-FAQ ye-systemd ukuba kukho amakhonkco anophawu oluphikisanayo.
- Imigaqo-nkqubo yezandi kunye nokuvalwa: Yenza ngokwezifiso iPolkit ukuvumela ukuvalwa ngeeseshini ezininzi ezivulekileyo, okanye uhlengahlengise izandi zamandla kunye nokuziphatha ukusuka kuseto oluphambili.
- Iingxaki emva kohlaziyo lwe-GDM okanye ukususwa okungaphelelanga: Susa abasebenzisi benkqubo eshiyekileyo kunye namaqela, khangela iifayile zeenkedama, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho balawuli bashiywe njengabo /var/lib/gdm.
Ukulungiswa kweempazamo kunye neendlela eziphambili
Ukuba ufuna vula imo ye-GDM debug, ukuhlela /etc/gdm/custom.conf kwaye uyongeza debug/Yenza=yinyani. Qala kwakhona i-GDM kwaye ujonge iilogi ngaphakathi / var / log / imiyalezo okanye efanayo. Oku kunokukunceda ulandelele phantsi iibugs okanye ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga emva kokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.
Izicwangciso ze-GDM kunye nokuhambelana neenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-GNOME
Omnye wemingeni ekhoyo ngoku kukuba Iinguqulelo zamva nje ze-GNOME zinokwaphula ukuhambelana ngeenguqulelo ezithile ze GDM Useto. Umzekelo, uguqulelo 2.0 lubonakala luluguqulelo olusebenza ngokupheleleyo ku-Ubuntu 22.04, ngelixa iinguqulelo ezintsha zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo kuphela ngamathala eencwadi ahlaziyiweyo kunye neemeko-bume (libadwaita, GTK4, njl.). Kuqhelekile ukuba iindawo zokugcina unikezelo zingabi noguqulelo lwamva nje, kunyanzelwa ukuba ubhenele kwi-AppImage, iPPA, okanye ulwakhiwo lwezandla, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Kwezinye iimeko (ingakumbi ku-Ubuntu), iinguqulelo zamva nje zeFlatpak okanye ze-AppImage zisenokungaqalisi ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokungahambelani nenguqulelo ye-GNOME yokuqhuba, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde amanqaku okukhululwa kunye nezilumkiso zokukhululwa ngakunye ngaphambi kokufaka.
Ngaba kufanelekile ukusebenzisa iiSetingi ze-GDM endaweni yokuhlela ngesandla?
Inzuzo enkulu ye-GDM Izicwangciso zayo Ukusebenziseka ngokulula kunye nokubekwa kumbindi kwiinketho ezininzi zokwenza ngokwezifiso kwindawo enye. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlelwa kwezandla kunye nokuguqulwa komgca womyalelo, isicelo sinciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo, sinikezela ngamava alungiselelwe ngokubonakalayo kwidesktop yanamhlanje, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uzame (ngokuqaphela) ngaphambi kokwenza utshintsho olusisigxina.
Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuqaphela okunokwenzeka kolungelelwaniso lwesandla, ngakumbi ukulungisa kakuhle iinkcukacha ezithile, ukuqhutywa komsebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ngokubhalwa, okanye ukubuyisela utshintsho emva kohlaziyo olungaphumelelanga.