Ehlabathini losasazo lwe-Linux, ukhetho phakathi kwe-Linux Mint kunye ne-Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) yenye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu kuthelekiso kwabo bafuna amava alula, azinzileyo, kunye nabasebenzisi. Ukuqala kokujonga, zombini iinkqubo zibonakala zifana, kodwa kukho umahluko onokuthi ube nefuthe kumava akho emihla ngemihla ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho, ihardware, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo zobugcisa. Ukuba ukhe wathandabuza phakathi kokufaka I-Linux Mint okanye i-LMDE, eli nqaku liza kuphelisa onke amathandabuzo akho.
Ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba: nalu uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha, oluhlaziyiweyo, nolucwangcisiweyo Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neencasa ezimbini zeMint, kubandakanywa nembali yayo, iinjongo, ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, kunye nenkxaso ye-hardware, kunye nokubandakanyeka kweqela lophuhliso kunye nezinto ezenza ngokwenene umehluko kwimihla ngemihla. Zilungiselele ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi ekufuneka uyifake kumatshini wakho okanye ucebise kwabanye, kwaye uphephe izinto ezothusayo ezingeyomfuneko!
Kutheni kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zeLinux Mint?
I-Linux Mint yazalwa njengosasazo olusekwe ku-Ubuntu, idume ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokulula kunye noluntu olukhulu, kodwa iqela leMint lagqiba kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukuba liphuhlise a olunye uhlelo olusekwe kwiDebian, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition). Isizathu? Ngokukakhulu, ukuba ne "isicwangciso B" kwimeko apho u-Ubuntu athathe imikhomba-ndlela engakhuselekanga okanye engafanelekanga, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kweprojekthi yeMint kunye nokugcina ifilosofi yayo ilungile nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na kumhlaba weLinux.
Ke, iLinux Mint (eyona iphambili) isebenzisa I-LTS yasimahla njengesiseko, ngelixa i-LMDE ixhomekeke kuyo Debian Stable. Ngelixa injongo echaziweyo yeqela lophuhliso yayingekokwenza i-LMDE inguqulelo ecetyiswayo, baye baqinisekisa ukuba bobabini bagcina amava omsebenzisi wesiginitsha kaMint kunye nokuhambelana okusebenzayo.
Ukufana okuphambili phakathi kweLinux Mint kunye neLMDE
- Ujongano lomsebenzisi kunye nenkangeleko: Omabini amahlelo abelana ngeCinnamon, iMint's iflegi yemizobo, kunye nemixholo efanayo, usetyenziso olukhethekileyo (XApps) kunye nezinto eziluncedo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Linux Mint ifumaneka ngeedesktops ezintathu, kodwa inguqulelo ephambili isebenzisa "iCinnamon."
- Amava emva kokufaka ukusuka ekuqaleniZombini i-Mint kunye ne-LMDE ziyilelwe ukuba ziqhube kakuhle ukusuka kwi-boot yokuqala, kunye ne-hardware eninzi eyaziwayo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifakwe kwangaphambili.
- Uhlaziyo kunye nefilosofi uzinzo: Zombini iinkqubo zibeka phambili ukomelela, zithintela ukutsiba okuyingozi okanye utshintsho olumandla kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla, Zombini ziphantse zingabonakali kumsebenzisi ongaqapheliyo umahluko wezobugcisa ofihliweyo phantsi kwe-hood. Nangona kunjalo, lo mahluko unokuthatha isigqibo ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayile yomsebenzisi kunye nomxholo.
Umahluko wobugcisa: yintoni ngokwenene eguqukayo phantsi komhlaba?
Isiseko: Ubuntu LTS vs. Debian Stable
I-Classic Linux Mint ixhomekeke ekukhutshweni kwe-Ubuntu LTS, okuthetha ukuba imijikelo yokukhululwa ecwangcisiweyo, ukuhambelana nesixa esikhulu sesoftware, inkxaso eyandisiweyo yeminyaka emi-5, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wohlaziyo we-hardware onesisa (i-kernel, abaqhubi, iMesa). Kwelinye icala, i-LMDE isebenzisa i-Debian Stable, ebonelela ngokukhutshwa phantse rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini kwaye igxile kuzinzo kunye nokuphepha nayiphi na imiba yobugcisa.
Kuthetha ntoni oku? I-Mint idla ngokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwitekhnoloji ye-hardware entsha, ngelixa i-LMDE ibeka phambili ukuthembeka. I-Debian Stable idume ngolondolozo lwayo: nje ukuba inguqulelo ikhutshiwe, izinto ezimbalwa ziyatshintsha ngaphandle kweepatches zokhuseleko okanye ukulungiswa kwebug ebalulekileyo.
Izixhobo zolawulo lomzobo
I-Linux Mint (Ubuntu) iquka eyakhe imizobo eluncedo njenge Umphathi weKernel kunye noMphathi woMqhubi, ekuvumela ukuba ufake ngokulula iikernels ezintsha zehardware kunye nabaqhubi. Ezi zixhobo azikho kwi-LMDE, kuba zixhomekeke kwisiseko se-Ubuntu. Kwi-LMDE, ukuhlaziya i-kernel okanye ukufaka abaqhubi abanini bafuna ukusebenzisa i-Synaptic okanye i-terminal, enokuba ngumqobo omncinci kubaqalayo.
Oku kubalulekile ukuba unehardware yakutsha nje (imizobo, Wi-Fi, abashicileli bale mihla), njengoko iMint iwenza lula umsebenzi lowo kune LMDE.
Inkxaso ye-Hardware: ingxabano engunaphakade phakathi kweDebian kunye ne-Ubuntu
Esinye sezizathu zokuba Ubuntu bunconywe kakhulu kubaqalayo kunye nabasebenzisi abane-hardware yamva nje yinkxaso yayo esebenzayo yezixhobo ezitsha, ngenxa yokufakwa kwabaqhubi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wohlaziyo oluqhubekayo lwesitaki sayo sehardware. Nangona i-Debian iphuculwe kakhulu (ingakumbi ukusukela kwinguqulo ye-12, ngoku ebandakanya abaqhubi abanini ababalulekileyo), isafumana "iiphakheji ezishushu" emva koBuntu. Oku kuguqulela kwi I-Mint ikholisa ukuqaphela izixhobo ezininzi ngaphandle kwebhokisi. kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uzihlaziye ngokukhawuleza.
Umzekelo, abashicileli be-HP abadala okanye amakhadi e-Wi-Fi angengomgangatho anokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Linux Mint, ngelixa kwi-LMDE anokufuna amanyathelo awongezelelweyo okanye angabhaqwa kwasekuqaleni.
I-Kernel, umqhubi wegrafiki, kunye nohlaziyo lwesicelo
Mint, enkosi kwi-Ubuntu's HWE (Isitaki sokuSebenzisa isiXhobo), ufumana ikernel kunye nohlaziyo lomqhubi wegraphic rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu kumjikelo weLTS. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi bahlala bonwabele ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kunye nokuhambelana kwehardware. Ukongeza, ezinye izicelo ezifanelekileyo zikwafumana iinguqulelo ezintsha kulo lonke ixesha lokukhululwa kwazo.
Kwi-LMDE, amacandelo aphambili afana ne-kernel kunye ne-Mesa ahlala ekhenkcezisiwe kuguqulelo olusetiwe ngomhla wokukhutshwa, ngaphandle kweepatches zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo. Umsebenzisi angajikela kwii-backports (iindawo zokugcina zohlaziyo ezikhethwe liqela le-Debian), kodwa amava asabambelele ngakumbi kuneMint yemveli.
Enye inzuzo ye-LMDE kukuba, usebenzisa i-Flatpak-kwaye oku kusebenza nakwi-Mint-unokufikelela kwizicelo ezihlaziyiweyo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwisiseko sogcino, nangona oku kungasombululi ingxaki yokuhlaziya yonke i-graphics stack.
Inkxaso yeePPAs kunye nesoftware eyodwa
Enye yezinto ezinomtsalane ku-Ubuntu (kwaye ke iMint ephambili) yeyo ukuhambelana neePPA ezidumileyo, ekuvumela ukuba ufake ngokulula isoftware yomntu wesithathu okanye iinguqulelo ezintsha kunezo zikhoyo kwiindawo zokugcina eziqhelekileyo. Kwi-LMDE-kunye ne-Debian-oku akukhuthazwa: ngelixa ezinye ii-PPA zinokusebenza, umngcipheko wokuqhawula ukuxhomekeka okanye ukuzinza kwenkqubo kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ubude benkxaso kunye nokuhlaziywa kokhuseleko
I-Linux Mint ine Iminyaka eyi-5 yenkxaso enkosi ku-Ubuntu LTS, enika uxolo lwengqondo kunye nohlaziyo lwexesha elide. I-LMDE inikezela ngenkxaso kude kube ngunyaka omnye emva kokukhutshwa kwenguqulelo elandelayo, ehlala injalo emva kweminyaka emibini.. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-LMDE iqhele ukuba neminyaka emithathu yenkxaso "ekhuselekileyo", nangona kwezinye iimeko inokuba ngaphantsi kancinci ukuba umjikelo weDebian uyatshintsha.
Xa kufikwa kukhuseleko lwephakheji, i-LMDE iyaphumelela apha: I-Debian ibandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-58.000 iiphakheji phantsi kwesambrela yohlaziyo yokhuseleko elawulwa ngokuthe ngqo liqela layo lokulondoloza, ngelixa i-Ubuntu imida exhasayo malunga neephakheji ze-7.000. Ewe kunjalo, umahluko uya kubonakala kuphela ukuba uthembela kakhulu kwii -apps ezingaphandle kwezona zidumileyo.
Uzinzo kunye nokomelela: yeyiphi ekwaziyo ukumelana neempembelelo ezingcono?
Zombini iinguqulelo zizinzile kakhulu, kodwa i-LMDE yakhiwe phezu kweDebian Stable, eyaziwa njengeyona nto ingundoqo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, kuquka iiseva kunye neenkqubo ezingenakho ukuhlawula ukusilela. Utshintsho olukhulu kwi-Debian luncinci kwaye luvavanywe kakuhle, ngoko lufanelekile kwabo bafuna uxolo lwengqondo olupheleleyo kunye nokuphuculwa kobunzima obumbalwa.
I-Linux Mint, ngenxalenye yayo, ixhamla kuluntu olukhulu lwe-Ubuntu kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza ne-hardware yamva nje okanye imiba yesoftware. Ukongeza, imiba isonjululwa ngokukhawuleza kwinguqulelo ephambili, njengoko igxininisa uninzi lwabasebenzisi kwaye ijolise kwiqela.
Iimpembelelo zokukhetha inkqubo nganye: yeyiphi iprofayili oyiyo?
Ungayikhetha nini iLinux Mint (Ubuntu)
- Ukuba une-hardware yamva nje, ufuna ukudlala kwiLinux, okanye kufuneka ufakele abaqhubi abangabanini ngokulula.
- Ukhetha awona mava alula anokwenzeka, kunye nezixhobo zegraphical phantse yonke into, kunye nethuba elincinane lokwaphula inkqubo ngenxa yeempazamo ezenziwa ngesandla.
- Ufuna ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqulelo ezintsha zosetyenziso okanye izixhobo ngeePPAs, okanye usebenzisa isoftware epakishwe kuphela Ubuntu.
- Uyixabisile inkxaso yexesha elide: ngeMint, uqinisekisiwe uhlaziyo lweminyaka emi-5.
Uyikhetha nini i-LMDE (Debian)
- Ukhetha ifilosofi yeDebian kunye ne-ecosystem, ungumsebenzisi weseva okanye unezinye iikhompyuter eziqhuba iDebian, kwaye uyayixabisa inkqubo epheleleyo yokuhambelana.
- Ubeka phambili uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko phezu kokuba ne-hardware yamva nje okanye usetyenziso.
- Awudingi izixhobo zegraphical ze-Ubuntu kwaye ukhululekile ukusebenzisa i-Synaptic okanye i-terminal ukufaka / ukubeka esweni abaqhubi kunye nohlaziyo.
- Awufuni ukuthembela kwizigqibo zika-Ubuntu "zeshishini" (ezifana nokutyhala iiphakheji ze-Snap) kwaye ukhetha i-100% ye-distro yoluntu.
- Unexhala malunga notshintsho olukhulu kwisiseko sika-Ubuntu kwaye ujonge inkqubo engaphantsi kovavanyo lwentengiso okanye izigqibo zentengiso.
Kuthekani ngeengxaki ezidumileyo zeCanonical kunye ne-Snap?
Abasebenzisi abaninzi beMint bathe gqolo kuBuntu ngenxa yezigqibo ezithile zeCanonical, njengokunyanzeliswa kokukhuthaza ifomathi yephakheji. I-Snap-ethi iMint ithintele ngokungagqibekanga- okanye ngovavanyo olungaphumeleliyo kwixesha elidlulileyo njengesivumelwano neAmazon. Ngokuziqhelanisa, iqela le-Mint libuyisele umva ngempumelelo phantse lonke utshintsho olungathandwayo luka-Ubuntu, lubeka phambili iFlatpak ngaphezulu kwe-Snap kunye nokunqanda ukurhweba kakhulu.
Ngelixa kusekho iinkcukacha ezincinci zelifa ezinokukhathaza ii-purist (umzekelo, ukufakwa kwemiyalezo malunga noBuntu Pro xa ufaka iifonti ezithile), le yimiba emincinci engachaphazeli ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla ngokubanzi.
Ugxininiso lweqela lophuhliso: apho babeka khona amandla abo
Uphuhliso oluphambili lweMint lugxile kuhlelo olusekwe ku-Ubuntu, olulelona lisetyenziswa kakhulu (malunga nama-89% abasebenzisi). I-LMDE isekho njengenye indlela esebenzayo negqibeleleyo, kodwa iqela liyibeke yacaca into yokuba ayilulo ugxininiso lwabo oluphambili, kodwa luhlobo "lwesicwangciso esinokuthi sibekho" sotshintsho olunokwenzeka ku-Ubuntu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba iibugs, uhlaziyo, kunye nophuculo lufika ngaphambi—okanye emva—kweyona nguqulelo iphambili. Kwi-LMDE, ezinye iibugs ezincinci zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukulungisa ukuba zixhomekeke kwisiseko seDebian kwaye aziphathwa ngokuthe ngqo liqela leMint.
Uhlaziyo, imijikelo yokukhupha, kunye nobomi
I-Mint ikhupha inguqulelo entsha esekwe ku-Ubuntu LTS rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci phakathi kokuhlaziya abaqhubi kunye neekernel. I-LMDE yenza into efanayo kodwa isekwe kwi-Debian Stable kwaye idla ngokukhutshwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kweDebian entsha.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba emva kokufaka i-LMDE ISO, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yokuqala ukuzisa inkqubo yakho kuguqulelo lwamva nje ngazo zonke iipetshi zokhuseleko zeDebian kunye nophuculo. Nangona i-ISO inokubonakala "indala" kunoguqulelo olumiselweyo, xa sele uhlaziywe uya kuba nesiseko esiluqilima njengeDebian ecocekileyo.
Ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo
Enyanisweni, zombini i-Mint kunye ne-LMDE zisebenza ngokufanayo, eyona nto iphambili yiCinnamon kunye ne-Mint's suite yezicelo. Ukuba unekhompyuter endala okanye ethozamileyo, ukhetho lwedesktop (iCinnamon, Mate, XFCE) luya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kunesiseko senkqubo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-Debian incinci kakhulu kwaye ilondoloza, i-LMDE inokusebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci kwaye isebenze ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezilinganiselweyo okanye ezo zine-RAM encinci.
Iimeko ezisebenzayo: imizekelo yokwenyani
Kwiimvavanyo kwii-hardware ezahlukeneyo, zombini iinkqubo ziqaphela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ziqwalasele izixhobo ezininzi. Umzekelo, abashicileli be-HP abadlulileyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo baqhele ukubonwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Mint kunye ne-LMDE, nangona kwiimeko ezithile (ezifana nomshicileli we-laser we-HP yakutshanje) inokusebenza kuphela "kwi-try yokuqala" kwi-Mint kwaye ifune amanyathelo ongezelelweyo kwi-LMDE.
Kumdlalo, i-Mint ifaneleke ngakumbi ukufumana okuninzi kuyo, njengoko inokuhlaziya i-kernel kunye ne-graphics stack ngokulula, okuyimfuneko kukukhutshwa komdlalo omtsha okanye abaqhubi begraphics bamva nje.
Ukuba inkuthazo yakho ephambili kukuzinza kunye noxolo lwengqondo, okanye ukudibanisa nezinye iinkqubo ze-Debian (ezifana neeseva), i-LMDE lukhetho oluqinileyo noluqinileyo oluqinisekisa indawo engaguqukiyo, ekhuselekileyo, kunye nengamangalisiyo.
Umbuzo wohlaziyo: ngaba ngcono ngakumbi?
I-LMDE lolona khetho lugcinayo: uhlaziyo olumbalwa, utshintsho olungalindelekanga olumbalwa, kunye namathuba asezantsi okusilela ngenxa yohlaziyo olungalindelekanga. Ukugqibelela abasebenzisi abakhetha "ukuseta kwaye ulibale" inkqubo.
I-Linux Mint ibonelela ngohlaziyo oluthe kratya kumacandelo aphambili, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwabo bafuna ukuhlala benolwazi ngaphandle kokuncama ukuzinza. Ngokuqinisekileyo, xa kukho utshintsho oluninzi, amathuba okuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, nangona umngcipheko uhlala uphantsi ngenxa yokukhula kweprojekthi kunye noluntu lwenkxaso.
Kuthekani ukuba iCanonical itshintsha kakhulu Ubuntu? Ikamva leMint kunye neLMDE
Iqela leMint liqwalasele kakhulu ukuvela kwe-Ubuntu, ngakumbi kukusetyenziswa kakubi kweepakethe ze-Snap okanye utshintsho olukhulu olunokuchaphazela amava eMint yemveli. Nangona injongo kukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa Ubuntu okwangoku, i-LMDE ilungile njengeyona ndlela iphambili xa u-Ubuntu engasafaneleki njengesiseko. Okwangoku, ukuhlehlisa utshintsho olungafunekiyo ku-Ubuntu kulula kunokuhambisa lonke uphuculo lwayo kwi-Debian, kodwa oku kunokutshintsha ukuba iCanonical yenza izigqibo eziphikisanayo.
Ngoko ke yeyiphi ekufuneka uyifake?
Ukuba ujonge ukulula, ukuhambelana nehardware yamva nje, ukufikelela kubuchwephesha bamva nje, kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa zokufakela isoftware engekho semthethweni, iLinux Mint (Ubuntu LTS) ihlala ilolokhetho olucetyiswayo uninzi. Ukuba, kwelinye icala, okuphambili kwakho kukuzinza okuphezulu, ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo, ukudibanisa nezinye iinkqubo zeDebian, kunye noxolo lwengqondo lokuxhomekeka kancinci kwizigqibo zeCanonical, i-LMDE lukhetho lwakho.
Akukho nanye inketho kukutsiba kwindawo engenanto.: Bobabini bakhulile, baxhaswa kakuhle luluntu lweMint kunye neqela, kwaye babelane ngefilosofi efanayo kunye namava omsebenzisi. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye neyona nto uyixabisa kakhulu kubomi bakho bekhompyuter bemihla ngemihla.
Nokuba ukhetha ntoni na, uya kuqinisekiswa ngamava eLinux aphuculiweyo, omelele, kwaye asebenziseka lula, ayakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neenovices kunye nabasebenzisi abafuna ngamandla. Hlalutya izinto eziphambili kuwe, uphonononge iiyantlukwano, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukuzama zombini ukubona ukuba yeyiphi eyona isilungele isimbo sakho kunye nezinto ozilindeleyo.