Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nto olu ngcelele lwamanqaku kubonakala ngathi inonxibelelwano olude kakhulu kwi-Unix, ngaphandle kwengcamango yokuba i-Bell Labs yayiyindawo yokugcina iingqondo. Kodwa, siyasondela. Sasibeka isiseko sokuqonda ukuba kutheni i-Unix ibe ngumgangatho weenkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje, kwaye kutheni uStallman wazama kwaye uLinus Torvalds waphumelela ekudaleni inkqubo yokusebenza ephefumlelwe yiyo.
Imiyalezo emininzi, ikhowudi kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuyidlulisela
Ukususela ekuqaleni uluntu lwafumanisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo kumgama kufuna ukuguqulwa kwamagama olwimi oluthethwayo kwikhowudi. Oku kwakunjalo ngeegubhu zezizwe zaseAfrika, imiyalezo ye-heliographic yamaGrike, iiflegi zomkhosi wamanzi, amachaphaza kunye needashi ze-telegraph, kunye namaza ombane efowuni yeGraham Bell. Le yokugqibela iphumelele ukuba ukungenelela kwabantu kwakungeyomfuneko ukucacisa umyalezo.
Inguqulelo enkulu yomsebenzi kaClaude Shannon yayi ukudibanisa zonke iifomati zolwazi kwikhowudi enye, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku besineentlobo ezimbini zemidiya ngokutsho kowuphi umyalezo:
- Wireless: Iimpawu zikanomathotholo nomabonakude. (Ewe, ndeva nge-cable TV, kunye nerediyo yesekethe evaliweyo, kodwa yayingeyiyo isiqhelo.)
- Ngentambo: Imiyalezo ngetelegraph (Amachaphaza kunye needashi zekhowudi yeMorse) kunye nomnxeba (amaza ombane)
UShannon wachaza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuguqula nawuphi na umyalezo (nokuba ufomati) ube ngooziro, amaqela abo kunye nooziro (abawabize ngamasuntswana), kwaye wongeze amasuntswana ongezelelweyo ukulungisa iimpazamo zolwamkelo.. Inkqubo kaShannon yayifanelekile kulo naliphi na iqonga lokuhambisa.
Makhe sihlolisise amanye amajelo onxibelelwano amatsha avele kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo
Iikhonkco zeMicrowave
Yayiziinqaba ezineempondo ezine ezikwindawo ephakamileyo nemgama osuka komnye. Ii-eriyali ezimbini zafumana iminxeba, zayithumela kwiphindaphinda eyazikhulisayo kwaye yazikhupha kwezinye ii-eriyali ezimbini ezikhombe kwicala elichaseneyo ukuya kubamkeli benye inqaba ephindayo. Olu hlobo lobuchwephesha lwalufuna umgca ocacileyo wokubonwa kumgca othe ngqo phakathi kwenqaba nenqaba.Uthungelwano, olwaluneenqaba ezili-107 ezibekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-48 inye, lwalunokusasaza iminxeba ngesantya sokukhanya.
Intambo ye-Transatlantic.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, unxibelelwano olulandelayo luya kuhamba ngenye indlela. Ukuba iinqaba ze-microwave bezijonge ukutshintsha ukusetyenziswa kwentambo ye-coaxial kwiminxeba emide yomhlaba, Iprojekthi elandelayo yeBell Laboratories yaba kukutshintsha unomathotholo ngentambo yokutsalela iminxeba kumazwekazi.
Unxibelelwano lomnxeba weTransatlantic ngentambo lwalukho ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane. Kodwa, yenaUnxibelelwano lwelizwi lwalufuna intambo engqindilili kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphindaphindi ukukhulisa umqondiso. Nangona i-transistor eyaqanjwa yiBell Laboratories yayisele ikhulile ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe ngamanye amashishini, yayingekavuthwa ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amashumi amabini eminyaka yokusebenza okuqhubekayo okwakufuneka ukuthethelela utyalo-mali lweprojekthi edibeneyo phakathi kwe-AT&T kunye nolawulo. I-Ofisi yePosi (ejongene nolawulo lwenkonzo yomnxeba elizweni)
Ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ukuba ukumelana neemeko ezimbi phantsi kolwandle kunye neengozi zofakelo, intambo kufuneka ibe yi-3,7 yeesentimitha ubukhulu kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-3621 ubude.. Yenziwe ngezaleko ezili-10. Embindini kwakukho iingcingo zobhedu ezazigqunywe ngumaleko wokugquma ngokulandelelana zirhangqwe ngumaleko weteyiphu yobhedu eqhutywayo, yayinoxanduva lokuhambisa unxibelelwano. Emva koko kwavela imigangatho emi-6 yokhuseleko kwizilwanyana kunye neemeko zemozulu zaselwandle. Wonke umgama othile, iityhubhu eziguquguqukayo zevacuum zifakwe ukuba, ngaphandle kokunyusa ubukhulu obukhulu, zivumele ukuba isignali yandiswe ukuze ingathobi kunye nomgama. Intambo yokuqala yafakwa ngo-1955 kwaye yasingatha iifowuni ezivela e-United States kwaye zisingise eYurophu. Kunyaka olandelayo kwakuza kufakelwa enye efanayo kwiifowuni ezilandela indlela ebuya umva.
Ukuba ezi ndlela zintsha zokudlulisa imiyalezo, kunye neteknoloji yokumodareyitha ikhowudi ye-pulse endixubushe ngayo kwisithuba sangaphambili ayenganelanga ukunyusa umthamo weefowuni, i-TASI, i-acronym ye-interpolation yezwi ngokunikezelwa kwexesha, nayo yavela. Ngokusisiseko, inkqubo ivumele ukwabela isitishi kubasebenzisi abangaphezu kwesinye, ukubona xa omnye wabo ethe cwaka. Ngale ndlela umthamo wentambo yeAtlantiki unokuphindwa kabini.
Ngelishwa kwi-AT&T (kwaye ngethamsanqa kwi-linuxeros kunye nesoftware yasimahla) yonke into yayilungele ukuba abalawuli bafumane izandla zabo.
Mholweni. Onke la manqaku amancinci, alungile kwaye anomdla, ndiyacinga kwaye luluvo lwam oluthobekileyo, ukuba lunokuba lude, lungabi lude kakhulu, kodwa aluncinci kangako, andazi ukuba uyandiqonda. . Ndiyathemba kwaye ndinqwenela ukuba uqhubeke kunye nabo kwaye wandise ngakumbi kunokuba bekucingelwa ekuqaleni, umzekelo ukuba ubucebe ukwenza amanqaku ali-15, ukuthetha into ethile, ke ukuba iba yi-20, i-25 okanye i-30, kuba ubaphanda ngakumbi, zibhale ngokwakho ngakumbi, njalo njalo, kuba inyani ingamangalisa ngenene. Ndivuyisana kakhulu, xa izinto zenziwe kakuhle kufuneka uvume. Ndiyabulisa.
Ndiyayibulela inkcazo yenu kwaye ndiya kuzithathela ingqalelo iingcebiso zenu.