Kukho i-glut yosasazo lweLinux, nangona uninzi lwazo alufaki nto iluncedo kakhulu okanye intsha. Kule post siza kujongana nenye yezinto ezingaphandle njengoko siza kubona indlela yokufaka IKali Linux.
Unikezelo olusekwe kwiDebian lulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, ngokungathandabuzekiyo elinye lamacandelo omsebenzi wetekhnoloji aya kukhula kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Inyani yokuba zonke izixhobo eziqukwa yiKali Linux kwaye ziya kukhululeka (ukongeza ekubeni ngumthombo ovulekileyo) ngokungathandabuzekiyo zenza kube lukhetho lokuqwalaselwa.
Yintoni uvavanyo lokungena
I-Kali Linux lunikezelo lokuqhuba iimvavanyo zokungena.
Uvavanyo lokungena nguIndlela yokufumana ubuthathaka kwinkqubo yekhompyuter ngokulinganisa uhlaselo njengabaphuli-mthetho.
Inkqubo inala manyathelo alandelayo
- Cwangciso: Kweli nqanaba iinjongo zovavanyo zichazwe kwaye yeyiphi inxalenye yenkqubo eya kwenziwa. Ikwamisela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeetshekhi eziza kwenziwa kwaye ulwazi oluyimfuneko luyaqokelelwa ukuze luphumelele.
- Uphononongo: Kweli nqanaba, kuya kwenziwa umzamo wokuqonda ukuba isicelo esiphantsi kophononongo siya kusabela njani kwiinzame zokungena. Oku kunokwenziwa mhlawumbi ngokuhlalutya ikhowudi yesicelo phambi kokuyiqhuba okanye ngelixa sisasebenza.
- Khangela kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo ezibuthathaka: Kweli nqanaba, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo lwekhompyuter ziyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba buthathaka kwaye xa sele ubhaqiwe, zama ukuzisebenzisa.
- Ukufikelela ukuzingisa: Injongo yeli nqanaba kukuzama ukugcina ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kungabonwa ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Uhlalutyo: Emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, lumisela ukuba bubuphi ubuthathaka obufunyenweyo, loluphi ulwazi olufunyenweyo, kwaye uhlaselo luthathe ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle kokufunyanwa.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lokungena. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- Uvavanyo lwangaphandle: Zijoliswe kwezo ndawo zenkqubo yekhompyutha ezinokufumaneka ngaphandle. Le yimeko yezicelo zeselula, iiwebhusayithi, iiseva ze-imeyile okanye amagama esizinda. Kuya kwenziwa iinzame zokuzisebenzisa ukufumana ukufikelela kwidatha yabucala.
- Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi: Ilinganisa ukuhlaselwa komntu kwinkqubo evela ngaphakathi. Ngaba ngumntu onikwe ufikelelo ngenene okanye olufumene ngobuchule bokukhohlisa.
- Uvavanyo olungaboniyo: Abavavanyi bayazi ukuba kuya kuba yintoni na into ekujoliswe kuyo, kodwa kungekhona ukuba uhlaselo luya kuba njani.
- Uvavanyo oluphindiweyo olungaboniyo: Abaphathi bezokhuseleko abazi nokuba kuvavanywa uvavanyo.
- Uvavanyo oluthe ngqo: Abasebenzi bokhuseleko kunye nabavavanyi bayazazi iithagethi kunye nendlela yokuhlaselwa kwaye babelane ngolwazi.
Uyifakelwa njani iKali Linux
Kwiwebhusayithi yeKali Linux sifumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhuphela. Ezinye ziyafakelwa kwaye ezinye zixhasa imowudi ephilayo.
Enye yeempawu zeKali Linux kukuba inokuchazwa ngokwenyani njenge-cross-platform. njengoko inokuqhuba kwiikhompyuter zebhodi enye njengeRaspberry Pi kunye nezona zinamandla kwiikhompyuter zobuqu. Yiyo loo nto xa ukhetha into yokukhuphela sineendlela ezininzi ongakhetha kuzo.
- Imifanekiso efakelwayo: Zinokufakwa ngaphandle kwesidingo soqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinikezelo zeLinux, azinakuqhutywa kwimowudi ephilayo (usebenzisa i-RAM ngokungathi yidiski). Iinguqulelo ezifakelwayo ziyacetyiswa xa ungazi ukuba yeyiphi na inketho onokuyikhetha.
- INethiwekhi eFakayo imifanekiso: Le media yokufakela ifuna uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi ukufumana iipakethe zokufakela. Oku kunenzuzo yokuba iya kufaka ezona nguqulelo zininzi zangoku, kodwa ukungonakali kuthatha ixesha elide ukuyifaka. Ifuna inkxaso yomthamo omncinci kunendlela yangaphambili kwaye ayixhasi imo ephilayo.
- Imifanekiso ekhoyo: Inokuqhutywa kwi-dvd okanye kwi-flash drive ngaphandle kokufaka okanye ukuyisebenzisa njengemidiya yokufakela, kodwa ngokungafaniyo neendlela zangaphambili ayixhasi ukwenza ngokwezifiso.
- Yonke into: Njengoko igama layo libonisa, olu khetho lubandakanya ngokupheleleyo lonke uluhlu lwezixhobo zeKali Linux. Ifuna indawo yokugcina umthamo omkhulu kwaye ifumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezimbini: Ukufakelwa kunye nokuPhila.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso
Iinguqulelo ezifakekayo zisivumela ukuba sikhethe idesktop kunye neendidi zepakethe ezahlukeneyos. Idesktop engagqibekanga yi-XFCE nangona kuyenzeka ukuba ufake ezinye. Ngendlela efanayo, inkqubo ingasetyenziswa kunye nezicelo ngaphandle kojongano lomzobo.
Ingqokelela yeepakethe (iMetapackages) ekhoyo
I-Metapackages ziindidi okanye ingqokelela yeepakethe ezinokufakwa kunye. ngexesha okanye emva kofakelo: Ezinye zazo zezi:
- kali-desktop-core: Izixhobo ezifunwa zizicelo ezinojongano lomzobo
- kali-desktop-e17: Umphathi wefestile yokhanyiselo
- kali-desktop-gnome: I-desktop ye-GNOME
- kali-desktop-i3: i3 umphathi wefestile
- kali-desktop-kde: KDE desktop
- kali-desktop-lxde: Idesktop yeLXDE
- kali-desktop-mate: MATTE idesika
- kali-desktop-xfce: Xfce desktop
- kali-izixhobo-gpu: Izixhobo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwekhadi lemizobo
- kali-izixhobo-hardware: izixhobo zokuqhekeza izixhobo zehardware
- kali-izixhobo-crypto-stego: izixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-cryptography kunye ne-steganography
- I-kali-izixhobo-zokudibanisa: Iiprothokholi ezidibanisayo
- kali-izixhobo-802-11: 802.11: Izixhobo zothungelwano olungenazingcingo
- kali-izixhobo-bluetooth: Uhlalutyo lwezixhobo zeBluetooth
- kali-izixhobo-rfid: izixhobo zokuchongwa kwamaza kanomathotholo
- kali-izixhobo-sdr: izixhobo zerediyo ezichaziweyo
- kali-izixhobo-voip: ilizwi phezu kwezixhobo ze-IP
- kali-izixhobo-windows-resources: Izixhobo zokuhlalutya iinkqubo zeWindows.
Inkqubo yokufakela
Nangona zininzi izixhobo zokwenza i-Kali Linux yofakelo lwemidiya, iVentoy ilungile kuba kufuneka sitsale umfanekiso kwi-flash drive.
Njengoko besitshilo, zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo zeKali Linux ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufakela.. Masiqwalasele kumfanekiso we-64-bit ofakekayo. Ukufumana ezinye iinguqulelo kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo ungajongana ne amaxwebhu asemthethweni.
Iimfuno zenkqubo zezi:
- I-128 MB ye-RAM (i-512 MB iyacetyiswa) kunye ne-2 GB yendawo yedisk ukuba akukho interface yegraphical isetyenziswayo.
- I-2 GB ye-RAM kunye ne-20 GB yendawo yedisk kunye nedeskithophu kunye nokuqokelela iipakethi ngokungagqibekanga.
- Ubuncinci i-8 GB ye-RAM kwezona zicelo zifuna ubutyebi.
Amanyathelo ekufuneka elandelwe ngala:
- Ukukhuphela umfanekiso weKali Linux.
- Gcina umfanekiso kwi-flash drive yokufakela. Ingcebiso yam kukusebenzisa kunomoya.
- Kwiinketho zeBIOS, khubaza i-boot ekhuselekileyo kwaye ukhethe i-flash drive njengesixhobo sokuqalisa.
- Qala inkqubo kwakhona.
- Khetha phakathi kwendlela yokufaka umzobo okanye yokubhaliweyo.
- Khetha ulwimi.
- Bonisa indawo okuyo.
- Imisela uyilo lwebhodi yezitshixo. IsiSpanish esivela eSpain okanye eLatin America.
- Inkqubo iya kuzama ukumisela uhlobo loqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi. Kwimeko yenethiwekhi engenazintambo kuya kufuneka ufake idatha ehambelanayo.
- Ukuba uyafuna ungangenisa igama elichaza isixhobo esingaphakathi kwinethiwekhi.
- Oku kulandelayo kukufaka idatha yeakhawunti kubandakanya igama elipheleleyo, igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha.
- Inyathelo elilandelayo kukumisela izowuni yexesha.
- Inyathelo olichukumisayo ngokulandelayo linokuba lula okanye libenzima. Nje ukuba i-installer ibonise iidrive ezikhoyo unokuyixelela ukuba isebenzise yonke i-drive, sebenzisa indawo engenanto okanye usete ngesandla ukuba uyifaka phi iKali Linux kwaye ingakanani indawo eya kuthatha.
- Qinisekisa ukhetho kwaye sithatha isigqibo sokuba sibethelela idiski.
- Ukuba uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi lufuna ummeli, faka idatha efunekayo.
- Khetha iindidi zeepakethe oza kuzihlohla.
- Misela indawo yokufaka i-bootloader.
- Xa ukufakela kugqityiwe, qalisa kwakhona inkqubo.